Glimmer Index
Plus $4/mo

o3-mini

OpenAI · Released Dec 20, 2024 · Closed weights

Smaller o-series reasoner for economical coding, math, and planning tasks

Strongest at
Coding
Better than 25% of the past year's models · 2 of 7 benchmarks
Price per 1M tokens
$1.1 / $4.4
input / output · OpenAI
Context window
200K
tokens in · 100K out
Open in the timeline

Capability profile

Scored against 91 models released in the past year. 50 is the average model; further out is better.

This modelMedian of the past year
5090Median of the past yearCoding: 46 · Better than 25%Reasoning: 37 · Better than 11%Math: 41 · Better than 9%Science: 53 · Better than 13%CodingReasoningMathScience
Coding46Better than 25%
Reasoning37Better than 11%
Math41Better than 9%
Science53Better than 13%

No results yet: Writing, Reading & documents, Visual reasoning, Computer use

Where these scores come from

Each capability combines the published benchmarks listed here, rescaled so 50 is the reference average and 15 points is one standard deviation. A hollow dot rests on a single benchmark.

Price against capability

The shaded corner holds anything better and cheaper. Prices blend input and output 3 to 1.

15 models from the past year score higher on Coding for less: DeepSeek V4.1 Flash, DeepSeek V3.2, Claude Haiku 5.5 and 12 more.

$0.3$1$3$10020406080Claude Haiku 5.5: 60, $0.2 per 1MMistral Large 4: 56, $2.06 per 1MGemini 4 Argon: 65, $4 per 1MGPT-6.1 Sol: 64, $4 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5.5: 71, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Sol: 62, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Luna: 55, $0.2 per 1MClaude Opus 5.5: 79, $8 per 1MGrok 4.7: 59, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4.1 Flash: 72, $0.21 per 1MGPT-6 Astra: 73, $20 per 1MMuse Spark 1.3: 69, $2 per 1MGemini 3.8 Flash: 57, $1.5 per 1MClaude Fable 5.1: 85, $20 per 1MGLM-5.3-Flash: 54, $0.24 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp: 55, $0.32 per 1MQwen3.8 27B: 60, $1.12 per 1MGLM-5.3: 60, $2.15 per 1MGemini 3.7 Flash: 59, $1.5 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro 0813: 49, $0.99 per 1MGrok 4.6: 60, $3 per 1MMuse Spark 1.2: 53, $2 per 1MQwen3.8 Max: 55, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash 0731: 38, $0.15 per 1MClaude Opus 5: 69, $10 per 1MGemini 3.6 Flash: 44, $1.5 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash Lite: 41, $0.85 per 1MKimi K3: 63, $6 per 1MGPT-5.6 Terra: 58, $4.5 per 1MGPT-5.6 Sol: 68, $8 per 1MGPT-5.6 Luna: 56, $0.45 per 1MGrok 4.5: 50, $3 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5: 60, $4 per 1MGLM-5.2: 48, $2.15 per 1MKimi K2.7 Code: 36, $1.71 per 1MClaude Fable 5: 77, $20 per 1MQwen3.7 Plus: 25, $0.7 per 1MClaude Opus 4.8: 62, $10 per 1MQwen3.7 Max: 48, $3.75 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash: 47, $3.38 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro: 41, $1.19 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash: 23, $0.18 per 1MGPT-5.5: 58, $11.2 per 1MQwen3.6 27B: 29, $1.35 per 1MKimi K2.6: 52, $1.71 per 1MGrok 4.3: 1, $1.56 per 1MGrok Build 0.1: 29, $1.25 per 1MClaude Opus 4.7: 60, $10 per 1MMuse Spark 1.1: 52, $2 per 1MGLM-5.1: 55, $2.15 per 1MQwen3.6 Plus: 39, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.4 nano: 36, $0.46 per 1MGPT-5.4 mini: 37, $1.69 per 1MGPT-5.4: 52, $5.62 per 1MGemini 3.1 Pro Preview: 38, $4.5 per 1MClaude Sonnet 4.6: 35, $6 per 1MGLM-5: 52, $1.55 per 1MGPT-5.3 Codex: 56, $4.81 per 1MClaude Opus 4.6: 54, $10 per 1MKimi K2.5: 54, $1 per 1MGemini 3 Flash Preview: 49, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.2 Codex: 55, $4.81 per 1MGPT-5.2: 57, $4.81 per 1MDeepSeek V3.2: 68, $0.32 per 1MClaude Opus 4.5: 59, $10 per 1MGPT-5.1: 46, $3.44 per 1Mo3-mini: 46, $1.93 per 1Mo3-miniPrice per 1M tokens →↑ Coding$1$10020406080Claude Haiku 5.5: 60, $0.2 per 1MMistral Large 4: 56, $2.06 per 1MGemini 4 Argon: 65, $4 per 1MGPT-6.1 Sol: 64, $4 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5.5: 71, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Sol: 62, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Luna: 55, $0.2 per 1MClaude Opus 5.5: 79, $8 per 1MGrok 4.7: 59, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4.1 Flash: 72, $0.21 per 1MGPT-6 Astra: 73, $20 per 1MMuse Spark 1.3: 69, $2 per 1MGemini 3.8 Flash: 57, $1.5 per 1MClaude Fable 5.1: 85, $20 per 1MGLM-5.3-Flash: 54, $0.24 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp: 55, $0.32 per 1MQwen3.8 27B: 60, $1.12 per 1MGLM-5.3: 60, $2.15 per 1MGemini 3.7 Flash: 59, $1.5 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro 0813: 49, $0.99 per 1MGrok 4.6: 60, $3 per 1MMuse Spark 1.2: 53, $2 per 1MQwen3.8 Max: 55, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash 0731: 38, $0.15 per 1MClaude Opus 5: 69, $10 per 1MGemini 3.6 Flash: 44, $1.5 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash Lite: 41, $0.85 per 1MKimi K3: 63, $6 per 1MGPT-5.6 Terra: 58, $4.5 per 1MGPT-5.6 Sol: 68, $8 per 1MGPT-5.6 Luna: 56, $0.45 per 1MGrok 4.5: 50, $3 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5: 60, $4 per 1MGLM-5.2: 48, $2.15 per 1MKimi K2.7 Code: 36, $1.71 per 1MClaude Fable 5: 77, $20 per 1MQwen3.7 Plus: 25, $0.7 per 1MClaude Opus 4.8: 62, $10 per 1MQwen3.7 Max: 48, $3.75 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash: 47, $3.38 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro: 41, $1.19 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash: 23, $0.18 per 1MGPT-5.5: 58, $11.2 per 1MQwen3.6 27B: 29, $1.35 per 1MKimi K2.6: 52, $1.71 per 1MGrok 4.3: 1, $1.56 per 1MGrok Build 0.1: 29, $1.25 per 1MClaude Opus 4.7: 60, $10 per 1MMuse Spark 1.1: 52, $2 per 1MGLM-5.1: 55, $2.15 per 1MQwen3.6 Plus: 39, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.4 nano: 36, $0.46 per 1MGPT-5.4 mini: 37, $1.69 per 1MGPT-5.4: 52, $5.62 per 1MGemini 3.1 Pro Preview: 38, $4.5 per 1MClaude Sonnet 4.6: 35, $6 per 1MGLM-5: 52, $1.55 per 1MGPT-5.3 Codex: 56, $4.81 per 1MClaude Opus 4.6: 54, $10 per 1MKimi K2.5: 54, $1 per 1MGemini 3 Flash Preview: 49, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.2 Codex: 55, $4.81 per 1MGPT-5.2: 57, $4.81 per 1MDeepSeek V3.2: 68, $0.32 per 1MClaude Opus 4.5: 59, $10 per 1MGPT-5.1: 46, $3.44 per 1Mo3-mini: 46, $1.93 per 1Mo3-miniPrice per 1M tokens →↑ Coding

OpenAI $1.1 / $4.4 · OpenRouter $1.1 / $4.4 · Cached input $0.55

The o4-mini line

2 releases in the o4-mini line.

o3-miniDec 20, 2024117do4-miniApr 16, 2025

A newer release is out: o4-mini.

ECI STANDING#119 of 270
SCORE140.2137.03–141.8 CI
FRONTIER LAGLaunched 1.5 months behindScores about what o1 did in December 2024.
SCORES LIKE THESE MODELS
Gemini 2.5 Flash (Jun 2025)Google DeepMind · Jun 2025140.59
Grok-3 minixAI · Jun 2025140.2
Kimi K2 (Jul 2025)Moonshot · Jul 2025139.97
Gemini 2.5 Flash (Apr 2025)Google DeepMind · Apr 2025139.84
Full Epoch Capabilities Index ranking ↗

Epoch benchmark boards

Best result on each board it has run. The tick marks the leader.

MATH level 5
96%#8 of 98
CadEval
54%#6 of 15
OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025
77%#97 of 216
Cybench
22%#11 of 22
WeirdML
44%#72 of 141
ARC-AGI
34%#74 of 107
Fiction.LiveBench
50%#42 of 58
ARC-AGI-2
3%#75 of 103
7 more boards
Chess Puzzles
15%#69 of 93
FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private
19%#80 of 90
SimpleBench
23%#80 of 89
SimpleQA Verified
15%#77 of 85
Mystery Game Puzzles
7%#80 of 88
GSO-Bench
1%#34 of 35
FrontierMath-Tier-4-v2-Private
0%#72 of 72

OpenAI's past year

24 release days in the past year, about one every 15 days. The next is expected around Nov 8, 2026. Forecasts ↗

NovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov

Specifications

RELEASE DATEDec 20, 2024
WEIGHTSClosed weights
CONTEXT WINDOW200K
MAX OUTPUT100K
REASONINGNot listed
TOOL CALLINGNot listed
INPUTStext
OUTPUTStext

Models.dev record ↗

Specifications and prices from Models.dev; availability and limits may differ by provider. Benchmarks from Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), LiveBench and the other sources named above.