Glimmer Index
Plus $4/mo

o1

OpenAI · Released Sep 12, 2024 · Closed weights

O-series reasoning model for hard analysis, math, coding, and planning

Strongest at
Coding
Top 28% of the past year's models · one benchmark so far
Price per 1M tokens
$15 / $60
input / output · OpenAI
Context window
200K
tokens in · 100K out
Lab announcement ↗Open in the timeline

Capability profile

Scored against 91 models released in the past year. 50 is the average model; further out is better.

This modelMedian of the past year
5090Median of the past yearCoding: 60 · Top 28%Reasoning: 43 · Better than 15%Math: 44 · Better than 13%Science: 49 · Better than 7%CodingReasoningMathScience
Coding60Top 28% · 1 test
Reasoning43Better than 15%
Math44Better than 13%
Science49Better than 7%

No results yet: Writing, Reading & documents, Visual reasoning, Computer use

Where these scores come from

Each capability combines the published benchmarks listed here, rescaled so 50 is the reference average and 15 points is one standard deviation. A hollow dot rests on a single benchmark.

Price against capability

The shaded corner holds anything better and cheaper. Prices blend input and output 3 to 1.

19 models from the past year score higher on Coding for less: Claude Fable 5.1, Claude Opus 5.5, Claude Fable 5 and 16 more.

$0.3$1$3$10$30020406080Claude Haiku 5.5: 60, $0.2 per 1MMistral Large 4: 56, $2.06 per 1MGemini 4 Argon: 65, $4 per 1MGPT-6.1 Sol: 64, $4 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5.5: 71, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Sol: 62, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Luna: 55, $0.2 per 1MClaude Opus 5.5: 79, $8 per 1MGrok 4.7: 59, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4.1 Flash: 72, $0.21 per 1MGPT-6 Astra: 73, $20 per 1MMuse Spark 1.3: 69, $2 per 1MGemini 3.8 Flash: 57, $1.5 per 1MClaude Fable 5.1: 85, $20 per 1MGLM-5.3-Flash: 54, $0.24 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp: 55, $0.32 per 1MQwen3.8 27B: 60, $1.12 per 1MGLM-5.3: 60, $2.15 per 1MGemini 3.7 Flash: 59, $1.5 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro 0813: 49, $0.99 per 1MGrok 4.6: 60, $3 per 1MMuse Spark 1.2: 53, $2 per 1MQwen3.8 Max: 55, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash 0731: 38, $0.15 per 1MClaude Opus 5: 69, $10 per 1MGemini 3.6 Flash: 44, $1.5 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash Lite: 41, $0.85 per 1MKimi K3: 63, $6 per 1MGPT-5.6 Terra: 58, $4.5 per 1MGPT-5.6 Sol: 68, $8 per 1MGPT-5.6 Luna: 56, $0.45 per 1MGrok 4.5: 50, $3 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5: 60, $4 per 1MGLM-5.2: 48, $2.15 per 1MKimi K2.7 Code: 36, $1.71 per 1MClaude Fable 5: 77, $20 per 1MQwen3.7 Plus: 25, $0.7 per 1MClaude Opus 4.8: 62, $10 per 1MQwen3.7 Max: 48, $3.75 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash: 47, $3.38 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro: 41, $1.19 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash: 23, $0.18 per 1MGPT-5.5: 58, $11.2 per 1MQwen3.6 27B: 29, $1.35 per 1MKimi K2.6: 52, $1.71 per 1MGrok 4.3: 1, $1.56 per 1MGrok Build 0.1: 29, $1.25 per 1MClaude Opus 4.7: 60, $10 per 1MMuse Spark 1.1: 52, $2 per 1MGLM-5.1: 55, $2.15 per 1MQwen3.6 Plus: 39, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.4 nano: 36, $0.46 per 1MGPT-5.4 mini: 37, $1.69 per 1MGPT-5.4: 52, $5.62 per 1MGemini 3.1 Pro Preview: 38, $4.5 per 1MClaude Sonnet 4.6: 35, $6 per 1MGLM-5: 52, $1.55 per 1MGPT-5.3 Codex: 56, $4.81 per 1MClaude Opus 4.6: 54, $10 per 1MKimi K2.5: 54, $1 per 1MGemini 3 Flash Preview: 49, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.2 Codex: 55, $4.81 per 1MGPT-5.2: 57, $4.81 per 1MDeepSeek V3.2: 68, $0.32 per 1MClaude Opus 4.5: 59, $10 per 1MGPT-5.1: 46, $3.44 per 1Mo1: 60, $26.2 per 1Mo1Price per 1M tokens →↑ Coding$1$10020406080Claude Haiku 5.5: 60, $0.2 per 1MMistral Large 4: 56, $2.06 per 1MGemini 4 Argon: 65, $4 per 1MGPT-6.1 Sol: 64, $4 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5.5: 71, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Sol: 62, $4 per 1MGPT-6 Luna: 55, $0.2 per 1MClaude Opus 5.5: 79, $8 per 1MGrok 4.7: 59, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4.1 Flash: 72, $0.21 per 1MGPT-6 Astra: 73, $20 per 1MMuse Spark 1.3: 69, $2 per 1MGemini 3.8 Flash: 57, $1.5 per 1MClaude Fable 5.1: 85, $20 per 1MGLM-5.3-Flash: 54, $0.24 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash Vision Exp: 55, $0.32 per 1MQwen3.8 27B: 60, $1.12 per 1MGLM-5.3: 60, $2.15 per 1MGemini 3.7 Flash: 59, $1.5 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro 0813: 49, $0.99 per 1MGrok 4.6: 60, $3 per 1MMuse Spark 1.2: 53, $2 per 1MQwen3.8 Max: 55, $3 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash 0731: 38, $0.15 per 1MClaude Opus 5: 69, $10 per 1MGemini 3.6 Flash: 44, $1.5 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash Lite: 41, $0.85 per 1MKimi K3: 63, $6 per 1MGPT-5.6 Terra: 58, $4.5 per 1MGPT-5.6 Sol: 68, $8 per 1MGPT-5.6 Luna: 56, $0.45 per 1MGrok 4.5: 50, $3 per 1MClaude Sonnet 5: 60, $4 per 1MGLM-5.2: 48, $2.15 per 1MKimi K2.7 Code: 36, $1.71 per 1MClaude Fable 5: 77, $20 per 1MQwen3.7 Plus: 25, $0.7 per 1MClaude Opus 4.8: 62, $10 per 1MQwen3.7 Max: 48, $3.75 per 1MGemini 3.5 Flash: 47, $3.38 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Pro: 41, $1.19 per 1MDeepSeek V4 Flash: 23, $0.18 per 1MGPT-5.5: 58, $11.2 per 1MQwen3.6 27B: 29, $1.35 per 1MKimi K2.6: 52, $1.71 per 1MGrok 4.3: 1, $1.56 per 1MGrok Build 0.1: 29, $1.25 per 1MClaude Opus 4.7: 60, $10 per 1MMuse Spark 1.1: 52, $2 per 1MGLM-5.1: 55, $2.15 per 1MQwen3.6 Plus: 39, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.4 nano: 36, $0.46 per 1MGPT-5.4 mini: 37, $1.69 per 1MGPT-5.4: 52, $5.62 per 1MGemini 3.1 Pro Preview: 38, $4.5 per 1MClaude Sonnet 4.6: 35, $6 per 1MGLM-5: 52, $1.55 per 1MGPT-5.3 Codex: 56, $4.81 per 1MClaude Opus 4.6: 54, $10 per 1MKimi K2.5: 54, $1 per 1MGemini 3 Flash Preview: 49, $1.12 per 1MGPT-5.2 Codex: 55, $4.81 per 1MGPT-5.2: 57, $4.81 per 1MDeepSeek V3.2: 68, $0.32 per 1MClaude Opus 4.5: 59, $10 per 1MGPT-5.1: 46, $3.44 per 1Mo1: 60, $26.2 per 1Mo1Price per 1M tokens →↑ Coding

OpenAI $15 / $60 · OpenRouter $15 / $60 · Cached input $7.5

The o3 line

2 releases in the o3 line.

o1Sep 12, 2024216do3Apr 16, 2025

A newer release is out: o3.

ECI STANDING#112 of 270
SCORE141.72139.71–142.94 CI
FRONTIER LAGLaunched in the leadNothing released before it had scored higher.
SCORES LIKE THESE MODELS
Gemma 4 26B A4BGoogle DeepMind · Apr 2026141.88
Claude Sonnet 4Anthropic · May 2025141.56
Gemini 2.5 Flash (May 2025)Google DeepMind · May 2025141.43
Mistral Medium 3.5Mistral AI · Apr 2026141.36
Full Epoch Capabilities Index ranking ↗

Epoch benchmark boards

Best result on each board it has run. The tick marks the leader.

MATH level 5
95%#13 of 98
Fiction.LiveBench
83%#11 of 58
GeoBench
80%#6 of 28
CadEval
56%#4 of 15
WeirdML
46%#64 of 141
OTIS Mock AIME 2024-2025
73%#99 of 216
SimpleQA Verified
41%#47 of 85
DTBench
75%#100 of 179
6 more boards
METR Time Horizons
51%#26 of 42
SimpleBench
40%#61 of 89
ARC-AGI
31%#81 of 107
VPCT
37%#22 of 29
Chess Puzzles
10%#76 of 93
FrontierMath-Tiers-1-3-v2-Private
15%#82 of 90

OpenAI's past year

24 release days in the past year, about one every 15 days. The next is expected around Nov 8, 2026. Forecasts ↗

NovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov

More from the lab

Related article · Dec 17, 2024OpenAI o1 and new tools for developers

Specifications

RELEASE DATESep 12, 2024
WEIGHTSClosed weights
CONTEXT WINDOW200K
MAX OUTPUT100K
REASONINGNot listed
TOOL CALLINGNot listed
INPUTStext, image/jpeg, image/png, image/gif, image/webp, application/pdf
OUTPUTStext

Models.dev record ↗

Specifications and prices from Models.dev; availability and limits may differ by provider. Benchmarks from Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0), LiveBench and the other sources named above.